Plastic waste continues to threaten aquatic ecosystems globally, according to Inger Andersen, UNEP Executive Director.
Speaking during the 2025 World Environment Day event in Jeju, Republic of Korea, Andersen revealed that between 19 to 23 million tonnes of plastic waste leak into aquatic ecosystems annually. This pollution affects lakes, rivers, and seas. She added that another 13 million tonnes of plastic settle in soil, further compounding the crisis.
Andersen, also the UN Under-Secretary-General, warned that plastic waste harms biodiversity, disrupts ecosystems, and burdens economies. The consequences include lost tourism income, polluted waterways, blocked drains, and increased flooding risks.
She noted that the current plastic use and disposal patterns overwhelm the environment and urged global action. “Plastic waste now finds its way into human lungs, arteries, brains, placentas, and even breast milk,” she stated.
Urgent Need for Systemic Solutions
Andersen emphasised that recycling alone will not solve the problem of plastic waste. She advocated for a comprehensive shift in the global approach to how plastic is designed, used, and discarded.
“We must tackle the entire plastic lifecycle using circular models that prevent pollution at the source,” she urged.
According to her, new product designs should support multiple uses and enable safe and economic recycling. She also called on the private sector to innovate and finance systems that promote reuse and reduce waste.
Refill and reuse models, Andersen noted, must become standard practice. She highlighted the importance of protecting workers in the plastics industry, particularly informal waste pickers.
“Ending plastic pollution requires a just transition that safeguards lives and livelihoods, especially in vulnerable communities,” she said.
Global Policy Momentum Builds
Progress is already underway, with more than 90 countries implementing restrictions on single-use plastic bags. Additionally, reuse initiatives worldwide are pushing societies toward a more circular economy.
Andersen praised efforts by nations exploring policies that encourage the design of reusable packaging. She also referenced the 2022 UN Environment Assembly decision to negotiate a global treaty on plastic waste.
Negotiations continued in Busan, Republic of Korea, with preparations now set for a fifth session in Geneva this August.
The UNEP Executive Director concluded by stressing that plastic waste management must be viewed as a critical issue for human, planetary, and economic health.
